What is the name of the process by which a seed sprouts into a plant?

• A. Fermentation
• B. Pollination
• C. Germination
• D. Transpiration

Answer: (C)

Germination is the process by which a seed sprouts into a plant. When a seed experiences the right conditions—usually water, warm temperature, and enough oxygen—the stored nutrients inside become active. Enzymes start breaking down these nutrients to feed the growing embryo, the seed coat cracks, the root (radicle) emerges first to anchor and take up water, and then the shoot pushes upward to begin photosynthesis. This is different from fermentation (energy production without sufficient oxygen in some organisms), pollination (transfer of pollen to enable fertilization), and transpiration (water vapor loss from leaves). So the seed sprouting into a new plant describes germination.